Participatory Epidemiology of Ethnoveterinary Practices Fulani Pastoralists Used to Manage Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia and Other Cattle Ailments in Niger State, Nigeria

Table 3

S/number	Materials	Local name	Ethnoveterinary uses	Fidelity levels (%)
1	Limestone		Decoction and concoction	92.3
2	Honey		Wound healing and preservative	100.0
3	Oil		Vegetable oil is used in managing poisons and bloats. It can also be used as preservative	100.0
4	Cow butter		Wound healing and preservative	96.3
5	Salts		Preservative and appetite promotion	100.00
6	Used (spent) engine oil	Bakin	Treatment of many skin conditions (e.g., wound, dermatophilosis, mange, and ringworm)	78.3
7	Local potassium (potash)		Part of decoction to relieve bloat, diarrhea, mastitis; mix with used engine oil to treat dermatophilosis	100.0
8	Cattle fats		Preservatives and treatment of burns	83.3
9	Wood ash		Preservative and disinfectant, specifically for managing foot rot, and its paste rub on cow genital area to induce expulsion of placenta	100.0
10	Kerosene		Used to wash foot rot area to hasten its healing	88.5
11	Kaolin		Treating diarrhea	100.0
12	Local soap		Treatment of ringworm Treatment of ringworm	86.7

Note: superscript letters H, F, and N represent local names in Hausa, Fulfulde, and Nupe, respectively.