Research Article

High Phenotypic Diversity Does Not Always Hide Taxonomic Diversity: A Study Case with Cheilosia soror (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Iberian Peninsula

Table 2

List of characters showing variability in populations of Cheilosia soror from the Iberian Peninsula.

CharacterSexRange of variation

Profile shape of facial tubercle♂, ♀In lateral view, facial tubercle is rounded and well differentiated from the mouth edge, but sometimes both are merged or the facial tubercle is flatter and less protruding
Arista length♂, ♀2.5-3× longer than the basoflagellomere
Hairs of arista♂, ♀As long as the maximum diameter of the arista or longer
Basoflagellomere shapeFrom round to 2× longer than broad, with intermediate oval forms, with more or less angular edges
Basoflagellomere colourFrom orange to black. When black, then usually reddish basoventrally
Brilliant or dull orange, never with dark colours
Paraface width♂, ♀From very narrow to 0.5× longer than basoflagellomere width
Mesonotum hair colour♂, ♀Pale and dark hairs intermixed, generally pale hairs clearly dominate over the black hairs, but sometimes dark hairs are more abundant than pale
Scutellum colourFrom wholly black to (more usually) partly pale. The pale part may extend over up to three quarters of the posterior scutellum surface
Number of posterodorsal hairs of anterior anepisternum♂, ♀Variable number of long hairs, from one to many hairs covering the posterodorsal area of the anterior anepisternum
Protibia colour♂, ♀With more pale parts than meso- and metatibiae, more accentuated in females than in males. From black in a central ring over less than half of the protibia to lacking dark pigmentation (in male, very rare character state), or with presence of a dark spot of variable size and location (dorsally or ventrally) (more usual in males than in females)
Mesotibia colourWith a black ring of variable size, with a dark spot or completely yellow
Metatibia colourWith a black ring of variable size, with a dark spot or completely yellow
Leg colour♂, ♀Usually yellow, but sometimes with reddish pigmentation
Colour of leg hairs♂, ♀Both pale and dark, but variable in the proportion, pale hairs always dominating over dark hairs
Surstylus shapeSometimes with blunter edges, but very slightly and never as accentuated as in the outlier genitalia reported in the text
Extension of the surstylus lamellaThe lamella may extend from 60 to 70% of the surstylus length