The Paths of the Galls: Differences in the Ecology and Distribution of Two European Oak Gall Wasps Andricus dentimitratus and Andricus pictus

Figure 6

Phylogeographic hypotheses on the speciation and distribution of A. dentimitratus (blue arrow) and A. pictus (orange arrow). Black discontinuous lines indicate the putative geographic barriers separating the two lineages. (a) Arrival to the Iberian Peninsula through Europe (A. dentimitratus) or through North Africa (A. pictus). (b) Speciation in glacial refugia in the Italian Peninsula (A. dentimitratus) or the Iberian Peninsula (A. pictus). The red arrow represents the lineage containing A. dentimitratus and A. pictus. The small light blue arrow indicates the posterior colonisation of the lineage of A. dentimitratus to the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula.

(a)

(b)