Modeling of a Liquid Leaf Target TNSA Experiment Using Particle-In-Cell Simulations and Deep Learning

Figure 4

Reconstructed hydrogen ion energy spectra of ten simulations differing only in their random seed. The energy spectrum prediction by the trained neural network model is indicated with a red dashed line, while the average of the simulations is indicated by the blue dotted line. The curve is obtained from the reduced continuous model and is cut off at the maximum energy determined by the maximum energy model.