Amalia  Munoz

David H. Petering

Gan  Tong

C. Frank Shaw III

The Reaction of EDTA With Metallothionein and its SeparateClusters: Complex Kinetic Behavior With Novel ProteinConcentration Dependence

Pamela W. Roy

R. C. Elder

Katherine  Tepperman

Uptake of Dicyanogold(I) by H9 Cells

Biocompatibility of electrodes for stimulation are difficult to maintainhomeostasis. Noble metal stimulating electrodes which are normallybiocompatible on keratinized tissue become very non-biocompatible when theyare interfaced with nonkeratinized tissue in an area such as the oral cavity.Composite electrodes have been made biocompatible in the oral cavity even atcurrent densities larger than 1 &#956;A/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mtext>mm</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math>. Electrodes used in potential readingsrequire that the anodic and cathodic polarization remain minimal. Silver-silverchloride electrodes are minimal. Silver-silver chloride electrodes are not alwaysreversible. The range of pH, voltages and current densities when silver-silverchloride are not reversible are presented. Recently at Drexel University reliablesilver coatings inside and outside of medical catheters have been fabricated to actas antimicrobial to a variety of bacteria. Noble and nonnoble metals have beencombined in coatings with silver to enhance the antimicrobial action.

Richard B. Beard

Mark  DeLaurent

Kambiz  Pourrezaei

Sorin  Adrian

Stimulation, Recording Potential and Antimicrobial Medical Catheter Coatings

Leads to the cellular effects of the anti-arthritic gold complexes may come from the determination of their metabolism by target cells and, possibly, cells in the immediateenvironment of the target cells. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and mononuclear cells(monocytes and lymphocytes) are present in inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis andthese cells have been widely used in pharmacological studies on the gold complexes. It issuggested that the cellular effects of the gold complexes are mediated by the production ofaurocyanide. According to this hypothesis, PMN metabolize small quantities of thiocyanate tocyanide which, in turn, converts gold complexes, such as aurothiomalate, to aurocyanide(dicyanogold(I)) which inhibits the functions of PMN and other cells. There is now considerableevidence for this hypothesis from <em>in vitro</em> studies but there is little <em>in vivo</em> work to back up thehypothesis. One of the few <em>in vivo</em> studies which tested the hypothesis involved the examinationof the activity of aurothiomalate in the treatment of polyarthritis in Hooded Wistar rats. Activity ofaurothiomalate is only shown in animals which received thiocyanate. Hydrogen cyanide is aconstituent of cigarette smoke and the aurocyanide formed by the interaction with gold complexesand inhaled hydrogen cyanide rapidly diffuses into red blood cells. Because of the metabolism ofhydrogen cyanide to thiocyanate in the liver, there are higher plasma levels of thiocyanate insmokers than in non-smokers. Smokers may have a greater incidence of side effects than non-smokersbut there appears to be little difference in therapeutic response, possibly because there issufficient thiocyanate in extracellular fluid, even in non-smokers, to support the conversion of goldcomplexes to aurocyanide. The relationship between the metabolism and effects of the orallyactive gold complex, auranofin are less clear. Auranofin itself is taken up by cells with the loss of theligands bound to gold while its inhibitory activity against the oxidative burst of PMN decreases withincreasing cell density. For example, the lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math> PMN/mlis 46 percent of control at 0.5 &#956;M auranofin but only 2.2 percent in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mn>2.10</mml:mn><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math> PMN/ml in the presenceof the same concentration of auranofin. A potentially active gold complex is a plasma componentwhich is taken up by red blood cells.

Garry G. Graham

G. David Champion

John B. Ziegler

The Cellular Metabolism and Effects of Gold Complexes

Susan J. Berners-Price

Doreen C. Collier

Peter J. Sadler

Rodney E. Sue

David  Wilkie

Silver Diphosphine Complexes as Antimitochondrial Agents

Joseph  Schultz

Zhiwu  Zhu

Cytosolic Distribution of <svg style="vertical-align:-0.20473pt" height="16.1" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 33.974998 16.1" width="33.974998" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,15.775)"><path id="x43" d="M614 175l29 -10q-33 -109 -57 -154q-121 -26 -184 -26q-90 0 -160.5 29t-112.5 77t-63.5 105.5t-21.5 119.5q0 157 108 253t277 96q36 0 71.5 -5t69 -13.5t36.5 -8.5q15 -102 20 -150l-29 -8q-20 79 -66.5 114t-128.5 35q-119 0 -187.5 -86t-68.5 -207&#xA;q0 -140 73.5 -227.5t188.5 -87.5q73 0 119.5 37.5t86.5 116.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,11.605,15.775)"><path id="x64" d="M517 51v-25q-101 -18 -155 -38v65l-61 -36q-50 -29 -78 -29q-68 0 -126.5 58t-58.5 155q0 103 77 175.5t180 72.5q36 0 67 -12v143q0 48 -11.5 58.5t-65.5 14.5v25q79 9 156 34v-597q0 -38 7.5 -48t36.5 -13zM362 85v275q-35 51 -103 51q-20 0 -40.5 -8.5t-42 -28&#xA;t-35 -57.5t-13.5 -89q0 -83 42 -130t96 -47q51 0 96 34z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,20.6,7.613)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,26.311,7.613)"><path id="x2B" d="M535 230h-212v-233h-58v233h-213v50h213v210h58v-210h212v-50z" /></g></svg>, <svg style="vertical-align:-0.20473pt" height="14.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 27.8125 14.375" width="27.8125" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,14.05)"><use xlink:href="#x43"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,11.112,14.05)"><path id="x75" d="M518 50v-26q-32 -4 -77 -16l-37 -11t-33 -9l-6 6v71q-56 -42 -74 -52q-43 -25 -77 -25q-55 0 -89.5 36.5t-34.5 112.5v196q0 38 -6.5 48.5t-26.5 15.5l-28 6v23q19 1 72 7q59 9 71 11q-3 -31 -3 -145v-135q0 -113 88 -113q59 0 108 48v234q0 38 -8 49t-34 15l-36 6v23&#xA;q44 2 90 8q37 4 67 10v-334q0 -37 8.5 -47t38.5 -12z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,20.138,5.887)"><use xlink:href="#x2B"/></g></svg>, and <svg style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" height="15.8375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 33.224998 15.8375" width="33.224998" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,15.775)"><path id="x5A" d="M561 176l29 -6q-25 -130 -36 -170h-517l-8 15l420 599h-173q-77 0 -102 -7t-39 -29q-19 -29 -35 -87l-29 1q9 111 12 183h24q9 -16 19 -20.5t34 -4.5h399l7 -14l-413 -594q48 -6 163 -6q94 0 131.5 7.5t58.5 29.5q28 29 55 103z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.534,15.775)"><path id="x6E" d="M524 0h-209v26q44 5 55 18t11 65v167q0 114 -91 114q-50 0 -109 -51v-235q0 -50 10 -61.5t55 -16.5v-26h-217v26q51 5 62 17t11 61v206q0 47 -9.5 58.5t-50.5 19.5v23q82 15 139 40v-79l67 47q47 30 83 30q60 0 94.5 -40t34.5 -112v-193q0 -50 10 -61.5t54 -16.5v-26z&#xA;" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,19.85,7.613)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,25.561,7.613)"><use xlink:href="#x2B"/></g></svg> Among Metallothionein-Like Proteins in Lobster Hepatopancreas

Francesco  Caruso

Luigi M. Venanzi

Crystal and Molecular Structure of Novel Silver-Diphosphine Complexes

W. Ewen Smith

John  Reglinski

Distribution and Reactivity of Myocrisin

Hiroaki  Oka

Toshikazu  Tomioka

Katsumi  Tomita

Atsushi  Nishino

Shigeharu  Ueda

Inactivation of Enveloped Viruses by a Silver-Thiosulfate Complex

John  Christodoulou

Slan  Tucker

Gold-Induced Structural Switch of Cys34 in Albumin: Comparison ofAuranofin With Aurothiomalate

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Metal-Based Drugs

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