Cardiotrophin-1 Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor 𝛼 Synthesis in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Figure 2

Concentration- and time-dependent induction of TNFα mRNA after incubation with CT-1. Human PBMCs were incubated with various CT-1 concentrations and for various periodes. After the indicated time mRNA was determined by real-time PCR. All TNF𝛼 mRNA expression data were normalized to GAPDH. n=8, data are expressed as mean±SEM. ^∗𝑃<.05 compared to unstimulated cells.