Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation

Figure 1

Effect of ketamine on nitrite formation in LPS-activated microglia. Microglia (5×10⁵ cells mL⁻¹) were treated with ketamine (100 and 250 μM) or an isovolumetric PBS buffer for 30 minutes, followed by the addition of LPS (100 ng mL⁻¹) for 24 hours. Cell-free supernatants were assayed for nitrite production as described in Section 2. Data are presented as the means ± S.E.M. (𝑛=3). ^∗∗𝑃<.01, compared to the resting group; ^##𝑃<.01, compared to the PBS-treated group.