Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation

Figure 5

Effect of ketamine on ERK1/2 phosphorylation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. Microglia (5×10⁵ cells mL⁻¹) were treated with ketamine (100 and 250 μM) or an isovolumetric PBS buffer for 30 minutes, followed by the addition of LPS (100 ng mL⁻¹) for 45 minutes. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was determined by Western blotting with a monoclonal antibody which recognizes only phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p42/p44). Data are presented as the means ± S.E.M. (𝑛=3). ^∗∗𝑃<.01, compared to the resting group; ^#𝑃<.05, compared to the PBS-treated group.