Mediators of Inflammation

Research Article

Metabolic Phenotype and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Table 1

Patient characteristics.
VariableEntire cohortGroupP value
CachecticNormal weightOverweightObese
Patients, no. (%)44 (100)9 (20.5)12 (27.3)12 (27.3)11 (25).867
Age, yr 6 2 . 3 ± 7 . 2 6 1 . 4 ± 8 . 2 6 2 . 8 ± 5 . 9 6 4 . 3 ± 7 . 0 6 0 . 2 ± 8 . 0 .580
Males, no. (%) 38 (86.3)9 (100)10 (83.3)10 (83.3)9 (81.8).615
Smokers, no. (%) 17 (38.6)4 (44.4)7 (58.3)2 (16.7)4 (36.4).207
Packyears, yr 3 3 . 8 ± 2 5 . 9 4 0 . 7 ± 1 5 . 7 3 8 . 8 ± 2 5 . 7 3 7 . 6 ± 3 5 . 2 1 9 . 2 ± 1 5 . 4 .232
MMRC dyspnea scale2.0 (1.0-2.0)2.0 (2.0-2.0)1.0 (1.0-2.0)2.0 (1.0-2.0)2.0 (1.0-2.0).228
6MWD, m 3 6 3 . 8 ± 8 9 . 8 2 9 6 . 1 ± 8 6 . 4 3 8 8 . 4 ± 9 3 . 0 3 8 5 . 2 ± 7 3 . 7 3 6 5 . 2 ± 9 1 . 3 .105
BMI, kg ⋅ m−2 2 6 . 5 ± 7 . 1 1 8 . 3 ± 0 . 8 † 2 2 . 9 ± 1 . 4 2 7 . 7 ± 1 . 4 *† 3 5 . 9 ± 5 . 6 *†<.001
FFMI, kg·m−2 1 8 . 3 ± 2 . 5 1 6 . 1 ± 0 . 8 1 7 . 4 ± 1 . 4 1 8 . 2 ± 1 . 5 * 2 1 . 2 ± 2 . 6 *†‡<.001
FMI, kg·m−2 8 . 2 ± 5 . 2 4 . 7 ± 1 . 3 † 6 . 2 ± 1 . 4 8 . 9 ± 1 . 5 * 1 4 . 1 ± 5 . 3 *†‡<.001
Trunk FM, % 3 0 . 5 ± 1 4 . 3 1 0 . 5 ± 7 . 6 2 5 . 0 ± 8 . 4 * 3 9 . 6 ± 3 . 3 *† 4 4 . 3 ± 5 . 0 *†<.001
Trunk FM, kg14.2 (6.3–17.7)1.3 (1.2–5.1)9.5 (5.4–10.6)15.9 (15.5–16.9)*21.4 (20.7–27.6)*† <.001
Limbs FM, % 2 5 . 0 ± 1 2 . 9 1 1 . 4 ± 6 . 2 1 9 . 0 ± 6 . 3 2 9 . 8 ± 9 . 8 *† 3 8 . 2 ± 9 . 8 *†<.001
Limbs FM, kg5.0 (3.2–7.7)1.4 (0.9–2.6)3.4 (3.0–3.8)5.9 (5.5–6.9)*9.4 (7.7–14.0)*†<.001
FEV1, L 1 . 5 8 ± 0 . 7 0 1 . 1 ± 0 . 9 1 . 5 ± 0 . 5 1 . 9 ± 0 . 7 1 . 7 ± 0 . 6 .084
FEV1, % pred 5 4 . 0 ± 2 2 . 9 3 3 . 8 ± 1 9 . 8 5 1 . 4 ± 1 6 . 8 6 5 . 7 ± 2 5 . 0 * 6 0 . 5 ± 1 9 . 0 * .007
FEV1/FVC ratio 5 0 . 5 ± 1 6 . 7 3 8 . 7 ± 1 5 . 2 4 6 . 5 ± 1 3 . 0 5 7 . 0 ± 1 9 . 2 5 8 . 6 ± 1 3 . 2 * .019
RV, L 4 . 1 3 ± 1 . 3 9 5 . 3 ± 1 . 4 4 . 4 ± 1 . 1 3 . 6 ± 1 . 3 * 3 . 4 ± 1 . 0 * .007
TLC, L 7 . 2 9 ± 1 . 5 0 8 . 1 ± 1 . 1 7 . 8 ± 1 . 4 6 . 8 ± 1 . 6 6 . 5 ± 1 . 3 .026
RV/TLC ratio 5 5 . 6 ± 1 0 . 6 6 4 . 3 ± 1 3 . 7 5 5 . 4 ± 7 . 4 5 1 . 4 ± 8 . 6 * 5 2 . 5 ± 9 . 5 .029
DLCO, % pred 7 2 . 3 ± 3 0 . 9 3 4 . 2 ± 2 4 . 3 6 7 . 1 ± 1 5 . 1 8 7 . 1 ± 3 7 . 2 * 9 2 . 0 ± 7 . 6 * <.001
PaO2, mm Hg 6 9 . 0 ± 1 3 . 5 5 8 . 7 ± 1 9 . 5 6 9 . 8 ± 8 . 3 7 5 . 2 ± 1 4 . 3 * 6 8 . 9 ± 7 . 5 .048
PaCO2, mm Hg 3 8 . 3 ± 6 . 8 3 9 . 8 ± 8 . 0 3 5 . 7 ± 3 . 9 3 8 . 5 ± 7 . 1 3 8 . 9 ± 7 . 2 .495
Leukocytes, ×109·L−1 7 . 2 ± 1 . 7 7 . 1 ± 2 . 5 7 . 0 ± 1 . 7 7 . 5 ± 1 . 1 7 . 2 ± 1 . 7 .921
Neutrophils, ×109·L−1 4 . 2 ± 1 . 3 4 . 4 ± 2 . 0 4 . 1 ± 1 . 5 4 . 5 ± 0 . 7 3 . 9 ± 0 . 9 .738
IL-6, pg·mL−1#3.7 (2.9–5.5)4.3 (3.2–5.2)2.9 (2.0–3.8)3.8 (3.0–5.8)4.4 (3.0–8.6).352
TNF-α, pg·mL−1#13.4 (10.6–17.5)9.8 (8.6–14.1)13.1 (11.0–18.1)13.9 (11.3–20.1)15.2 (11.3–17.3).214
hsCRP, mg·L−1#3.1 (1.0–7.8)3.5 (0.8–7.4)1.4 (0.9–7.2)2.7 (1.1–12.0)3.6 (1.2–4.6).932
* 𝑃 < . 0 5 versus cachectic group.
† 𝑃 < . 0 5 versus normal-weight group.
‡ 𝑃 < . 0 5 versus overweight group.
Values are given as the mean ± SD, unless otherwise indicated.
#Values are given as median (interquartile range).
MMRC: The Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale; 6MWD: 6-minute walking distance; BMI: body mass index; FFMI: fat-free mass index; FMI: fat mass index; FM: fat mass; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC: forced vital capacity; RV: residual volume; TLC: total lung capacity; DLCO: carbon monoxide diffusing capacity; PaO2: arterial oxygen partial pressure; PaCO2: arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure; IL-6: interleukin 6; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; hsCRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein.