TNF Superfamily: A Growing Saga of Kidney Injury Modulators
Figure 1
Schematic representation of TNFSF cytokine actions on tubular renal cells. The microenvironment influences the cell response. Among the many potential microenvironmental factors, we have highlighted those more consistently shown to modulate the cell response to a particular cytokine. The localization of the receptors has been best characterized for Fas and shown to be present in the basolateral membrane. This does not exclude expression in the apical membrane under certain circumstances. Proximal tubular cells are presented since they have been most extensively studied, but TNFSF cytokines also have actions on other tubular cells, glomerular cells, endothelial cells, leukocytes, and fibroblasts.
