Biliary Innate Immunity: Function and Modulation

Figure 3

Induction of tolerance in cultured human biliary epithelial cells (BECs). BECs are pretreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, TLR4 ligand) or Pam₃CSK₄ (Pam3, TLR1/2 ligand) for 24 hours and subjected to another LPS challenge. Pretreatment with LPS and Pam₃CSK₄ significantly decreases NF-$\kappa$B activity in response to a subsequent LPS challenge. In contrast, the pretreatment with poly (I:C) (TLR3 ligand) or LPS does not inhibit NF-$\kappa$B’s activation in response to a subsequent poly (I:C) challenge $({}^{*}<.05)$.