Biliary Innate Immunity: Function and Modulation

Figure 6

Effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\gamma$ (PPAR$\gamma$) ligand, 15d-PGJ2, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS, TLR4 ligand)- and peptidoglycan (PGN, TLR2 ligand)-induced NF-$\kappa$B activation in cultured human biliary epithelial cells (BECs). BECs are pretreated in the presence or absence of 15d-PGJ2 (20 $\mu$M) before stimulation with LPS or peptidoglycan. Pretreatment with 15d-PGJ2 significantly prevents PAMP-induced NF-$\kappa$B activation $({}^{*}<.05)$.