Review Article

Evidence for Activation of Toll-Like Receptor and Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Preterm Birth

Table 1

Genes differentially expressed in preterm birth.

Inflammation and immune systemIL-1beta (interleukin-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), S100A5 (S100 calcium-binding protein A5), P4HA2 (prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha polypeptide II), PTGDS (prostaglandin D2 synthase 21 kDa), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), ABCB9 (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 9), and FCER1A (Fc fragment of IgE, high affinity I, receptor for; alpha polypeptide)

Transcription factor and signalNF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), P38 MAPK, Akt, Egr-1 (early growth response-1), and HOX (homeobox)

Metabolism and cytokineIL-1beta, TNF-alpha, ABP1 (amiloride-binding protein 1 or amine oxidase (copper-containing)), CBS (cystathionine-beta-synthase), SLC2 (solute carrier family 16, member 7 (monocarboxylic acid transporter 2)), and CCL2 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (MCP-1)

ProteaseGgt (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase)

Ion channelKCNH2 (potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H, member 2) and KCNMB4 (potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, beta member 4, ion channel)

HormoneProgesterone and Thyroid hormone