The Effect of Chronic Candesartan Therapy on the Metabolic Profile and Renal Tissue Cytokine Levels in the Obese Zucker Rat

Figure 4

Mean kidney cytokine levels (all rats detectable) (a) higher level cytokines including: monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-18 (IL-18); (b) lower level cytokines including: interleukin 1$\beta$(IL-1$\beta$),granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF), growth regulated oncogene (GRO-KC), and interleukin-5 (IL-5) in whole kidney tissue homogenate from candesartan treated (CAN) or untreated (C) lean and obese rats at the end of 14 weeks of treatment ($n=8$ per body type/treatment). * indicates a significant difference ($P<.05$) from lean control mean and # from obese control mean, by unpaired $t$-test.

(a)

(b)