The Effect of Chronic Candesartan Therapy on the Metabolic Profile and Renal Tissue Cytokine Levels in the Obese Zucker Rat

Figure 5

Individual kidney cytokine level (some rats undetectable) (a) interferon-γ  (IFN-γ) (b) interleukin-4 (IL-4), (c) interleukin-1α (IL-1α), (d) interleukin 10 (IL-10), (e) interleukin 12p70, and (f) tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in whole kidney tissue homogenate from candesartan-treated (CAN) or -untreated (c) lean and obese rats at the end of 14 weeks of treatment ($n=8$ per body type/treatment). * indicates a significant difference, $P<.05$, from lean control mean and # from obese control mean, by rank test on categorical assignments.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)