Differential Effects of Acute (Extenuating) and Chronic (Training) Exercise on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Status in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Effect of chronic moderate regular exercise (training) versus acute (extenuating) exercise on body weight, glucose, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, Total-Chol, and TGs on diabetic ZDF (fa/fa) rats.

	Sedentary			Effect of training		Effect of acute exercise
	Control ZDF (+/+)	Diabetic ZDF (fa/fa)	Effect	Diabetic ZDF (fa/fa)	Effect	Diabetic ZDF (fa/fa)	Effect
Body weight (g)	327.13 ± 2.30	425.50 ± 2.73^aaa	⇑	438.00 ± 3.11^NS	⇔	426.40 ± 2.32^NS	⇔
Glucose (mg/dL)	133.82 ± 2.08	614.07 ± 3.84^aaa	⇑	548.50 ± 15.35^bbb	⇓	241.25 ± 5.22^bbb	⇓
HbA1c (%)	3.36 ± 0.12	12.50 ± 0.12^aaa	⇑	11.43 ± 0.19^bb	⇓	12.05 ± 0.09^NS	⇔
Insulin (pmol/L)	50.01 ± 0.99	184.89 ± 1.28^aaa	⇑	178.77 ± 0.30^bbb	⇓	172.46 ± 1.18^bbb	⇓
HOMA-IR	2.38 ± 0.98	40.36 ± 2.02^aaa	⇑	34.86 ± 1.30^bbb	⇓	14.79 ± 1.02^bbb	⇓⇓
Total-Chol (mg/dL)	75.91 ± 1.17	208.83 ± 1.37^aaa	⇑	165.88 ± 2.13^bbb	⇓	210.25 ± 0.90^NS	⇔
TGs (mg/dL)	60.23 ± 0.71	418.00 ± 3.19^aaa	⇑	289.38 ± 0.87^bbb	⇓	417.00 ± 1.17^NS	⇔

Results are mean ± sem of 8 rats per each group. Statistically significant differences are indicated by the symbols: (a) versus sedentary control ZDF (+/+) group and (b) versus sedentary diabetic ZDF (fa/fa) group. 𝑃<0.05, 𝑃<0.01, and 𝑃<0.001 for one, two, or three symbols.