PAF-induced IL-23p19, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA expression in A431 keratinocytic cells (a, b, c) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK; d, e, f). Cells were stimulated with graded concentrations of PAF or its vehicle (ethanol; V) for 4 h. IL-23 p19 (a, d), IL-6 (b, e), and IL-1β (c, f) mRNA was then measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Data (means ± SEM) are expressed as fold induction relative to vehicle control. ; *; **.
