| | Marker | DC type | References | Pitfalls | References |
| | Fascin (p55) | Immature/mature DCs; DC specific in early plaque stages | [7, 59, 62, 65, 66, 68, 69, 73–77] | Capillary ECs, migrating vascular cells in plaque shoulders and advanced plaques | [69, 77] | | S100 (S100B and weakly S100A1) | Immature/mature DCs; DC specific in normal intima and all plaque stages | [7, 7, 56, 59, 61, 65, 68, 69, 77–79] | Nerve bundles and twigs in adventitia | [7, 56, 59, 69] | | Langerin | Selectively expressed on the surface and in Birbeck granules of Langerhans cells | [60, 69] | Very few cells | [60, 69] | | CD1a | Mature DCs | [68, 74, 78, 80] | CD14+, CD68+ foam cells | [69, 81] | | CD83 | Mature DCs | [65–67] | Aspecific staining due to signal amplification? Activated T cells and monocytes? | [63, 69] | | DC-SIGN (CD209) | Immature/mature DCs | [63, 64] | Macrophages | [63] | | DC-LAMP (CD208) | Mature DCs | [65] | | | | BDCA-1 (CD1c) | mDC | [26, 68, 69] | B cells | [23] | | BDCA-2 (CD303) | pDC precursor | [26, 68, 69] | | [23, 38] | | CD11c | mDCs | [71–73] | CD14+ monocytes and CD68+ macrophages | [69] | | CD123 | pDCs | [70–73] | ECs, microvessels in advanced plaques, and plaque shoulders | [69] |
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