A Comparative In Vitro Study of the Effects of Separate and Combined Products of Citrus e fructibus and Cydonia e fructibus on Immunological Parameters of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

Table 4

Summary of effects on days 1 and 7 in the SAR group, healthy group, and total group.

Cytokines (immunological SAR-related subset) on day 1 and day 7	SAR group			Healthy group			Total group
	CI versus CY	CI versus CI/CY	CY versus CI/CY	CI versus CY	CI versus CI/CY	CY versus CI/CY	CI versus CY	CI versus CI/CY	CY versus CI/CY
Day 1
IL-1β (Th2)	CI*			CI**	CI**		CI***	CI**
TNF-α (Chr. Inf.)	CI***	CI*		CI**	CI*		CI***	CI***
IFN-γ (Th1)	CY**	CI/CY**		CY**	CI/CY*		CY***	CI/CY***
IL-10/TNF-α (Treg/Chr. Inf)	CI***	CI**					CI**	CI**
Day 7
IL-10 (Treg)								CI/CY*
IL-5 (Th2)	CI**			CI**	CI***		CI**	CI***
IL-13 (Th2)		CI*
IFN-γ (Th1)						CY*	CY*		CY*
IFN-γ/IL-5 (Th1/Th2)					CI**	CY*	CI**	CI***

*: 𝑃<0.05; **: 𝑃<0.01; ***: 𝑃<0.001; CI = Citrus; CY = Cydonia; CI/CY = Citrus/Cydonia, Treg = regulatory T cells; Th2 = SAR-related Th2 pathway; Th1 = SAR-related Th1 pathway; Chron. Inf. = SAR-related chronic inflammatory activity. Example: CI** (CI versus CY): Citrus (in relation to Cydonia) demonstrates an SAR-related treatment effect with a statistically significant difference < 0.01.