Symptoms, but Not a Biomarker Response to Inhaled Corticosteroids, Predict Asthma in Preschool Children with Recurrent Wheeze

Table 2

Baseline analysis at preschool age.

	Median (IQR) transient wheeze	Median (IQR) asthma	OR	95% CI
IL-1α, in pg/mL	34.0 (15.6–83.7)	44.2 (18.3–97.6)	1.10	0.84–1.44
IL-2, in pg/mL	55.5 (35.7–76.8)	57.0 (43.1–81.2)	1.32	0.80–2.16
IL-4, in pg/mL	8.8 (4.8–13.9)	9.6 (6.0–14.5)	1.15	0.70–1.88
IL-5, in pg/mL	29.8 (17.8–58.7)	37.2 (19.4–80.6)	1.21	0.85–1.73
IL-10, in pg/mL	4.5 (2.8–6.9)	5.2 (3.2–8.4)	1.09	0.72–1.65
IFN-γ, in pg/mL	28.1 (17.5–44.6)	27.1 (16.0–44.2)	0.88	0.67–1.16
sICAM, in pg/mL	190.4 (94.8–416.2)	265.5 (104.1–516.4)	1.08	0.79–1.48
CCL-11, in pg/mL	8.3 (5.2–12.5))	8.0 (5.3–14.6)	0.90	0.71–1.15
pH	6.0 (5.7–6.3)	5.8 (5.6–6.2)	0.66	0.34–1.28
FeNO, in ppb	6.7 (3.7–13.3)	8.9 (5.4–18.1)	1.02	0.98–1.05
Airway resistance before medication^§	1.4 (0.3)	1.5 (0.4)	2.15	0.83–5.56
Airway resistance after medication^§	1.2 (0.4)	1.3 (0.3)	2.06	0.70–6.01
Bronchodilator response^§	0.1 (0.3)	0.0 (0.5)	1.44	0.45–4.55
Total symptom score*	27 (25–29)	25 (20–28)	0.85	0.77–0.93

*False Discovery Rate (FDR) corrected 𝑃<0.01; ^§mean (standard deviation).
IL: interleukin; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; sICAM: soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule; CCL-11: Eotaxin; FeNO: Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide; OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. Analysis adjusted for gender atopy, eczema, previous inhaled corticosteroids use, asthma first relative, smoking exposure, and season of measurement. The transient wheeze group is the reference group.