Eicosanoids and Respiratory Viral Infection: Coordinators of Inflammation and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Table 2

Effects of PGE₂ and Leukotrienes on respiratory syncytial virus and influenza infection.

	PGE2		Leukotrienes
	COX Inhibition	COX-2 Deficiency
	Reduction in viral replication in vitro		Reduction in pulmonary inflammatory, weight loss, and RSV-induced airway constriction in mice treated with 5-LO inhibitor
RSV	Suppression of virus-induced cytokine production in vitro
	No effect on viral replication in the lungs in vivo		CysLTR1 antagonism during primary infection prevents enhanced AHR upon reinfection
	Decreased lung pathology in vivo		Decreased RSV-induced AHR but no effect on cytokine production in mice treated with cysLTR1 antagonist
	No effect on viral replication or disease severity in micetreated with celecoxib	Decreased mortality, pulmonary inflammation and cytokine responses in COX2^−/− mice	Reduced lung viral loads and decreased pulmonary inflammatory in mice treated with exogenous LTB4
Influenza	Suppression of virus-induced cytokine production in mice treated with celecoxib	Increased viral titers in lungs of COX-2^−/− mice compared to controls
	Improved survival and reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels in mice treated with zanamivir, celecoxib, and mesalazine
	Improved lung function and reduced immunopathology in mice treated with paracetamol