Possible Roles of Proinflammatory and Chemoattractive Cytokines Produced by Human Fetal Membrane Cells in the Pathology of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Associated with Influenza Virus Infection

Table 1

Relative risk of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, death, or any severe outcome in pregnant women due to 2009 H1N1 influenza.

Paper	No. of hospitalized; pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection	Risk of hospitalization	Risk of ICU admission	Risk of death	Risk of severe outcome
ANZIC [15]	64^†		RR, 7.4^a
Campbell et al. [16]	170		RR, 0.7 (0.4–1.2)^a	RR, 1.1 (0.3–4.1)^a	RR, 0.7 (0.4–1.3)
Creanga et al. [17]	62	RR, 7.2^a			RR, 4.3^a
Fuhrman et al. [18]	18			aOR, 0.3 (0.04–3.0)	aOR, 0.5 (0.2–0.8)
Gérardin et al. [19]	141	RR, 1.1 (0.5–2.0)	RR, 0.4 (0.0–2.6)^a
Hanslik et al. [20]	59		RR, 5.2 (4.0–6.9)	RR, 1.4 (0.3–4.2)
Jamieson et al. [21]	34	RR, 4.3 (2.3–7.8)^a
Kelly et al. [22]	273	RR, 5.2 (4.6–5.8)^b	RR, 6.5 (4.8–8.8)^b	RR, 1.4 (0.4–4.5)^b
Koegelenberg et al. [23]	6			OR, 1.13 (0.14–8.88)
New South Wales public health network [24]	16		RR, 5.8^a	RR, 10.2^a
Oliveira et al. [25]	525			RR, 1.07 (0.82–1.41)^a
Yang et al. [26]	17			OR, 0.8 (0.2–3.5)	OR, 0.4 (0.2–3.4)
Zarychanski et al. [27]	22		OR, 3.64 (0.86–15.4)^a,c

Abbreviations used: ANZIC: ANZIC Influenza Investigators and Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; ICU: intensive care unit; OR: odds ratio; RR: relative risk. Superscript: ^acompared to nonpregnant women of reproductive age; ^bcompared to general population; ^cthis number reports increased odds that pregnant women would require ICU admission over that they would require only outpatient treatment. Symbol: ^†40 pregnant women, 22 postpartum women, and 2 miscarried women. Ranges of 95% confidence interval are shown in parentheses. This table is reproduced from Mosby et al. [14] with minor modifications.