Possible Roles of Proinflammatory and Chemoattractive Cytokines Produced by Human Fetal Membrane Cells in the Pathology of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Associated with Influenza Virus Infection

Table 5

Physiological and pharmacological inhibitors for cytokine production in human fetal membranes.

Properties	Inhibitors	References
Antioxidant	𝑁-Acetyl-L-cysteine	[123]
Anti-inflammatory cytokines	IL-10	[115–118]
	Activin A	[119]
Anti-inflammatory compounds	Sulfasalazine	[122]
p38 MAK inhibitors	SKF86002	[120]
	SB203580 and SB202190	[125]
NF-κB inhibitors
Selective and competitive IKKβ inhibitor	SC-514	[126]
Selective allosteric IKKβ inhibitor	BMS 345541	[126]
IKK inhibitor	Evodiamine	[126]
Nonselective IKK inhibitor	Wedelolactone	[126]
Partially selective IKKκ inhibitor	Butein	[126]
Inhibitor of NF-κB translocation	CAPE	[126]
Inhibitor of the IKK complex	Parthenolide	[126]
Selective IKKβ inhibitor	TPCA-1	[126]
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor	Rolipram	[127]
PPAR-γ ligand	15d-PGJ2	[121]
	Troglitazone	[121]