Research Article

Urinary Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Serves as a Potential Biomarker for Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Pyelonephritis

Table 2

Microbiological analysis of 39 patients with APN.

Invaded pathogensaNumber of cases (%)
Without AKI
( )
With AKI
( )

Gram-negative bacteria24 (92)12 (92)
 E. coli 17 (65)10 (77)
 Proteus mirabilis 2 (8)0 (0)
 Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 (4)2 (15)
 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 (12)0 (0)
 Providencia stuartii 1 (4)0 (0)
Gram-positive bacteria2 (8)1 (8)
 Enterococcus species2 (8)0 (0)
 Coagulase-negative staphylococcus 0 (0)1 (8)

Variables are expressed as a number (percentage). AKI: acute kidney injury.
aThe bacterial pathogens of APN were identified and proven as shown later.