| | Category | Names | Major functions | References |
| | Proteolytic enzymes | (i) Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): matrilysin (MMP-7), interstitial collagenase (MMP-1), neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), stromelysin-2 (MMP-10), stromelysin-3 (MMP-11), metalloelastase (MMP-12), MMP-19, enamelysin (MMP-20), gelatinase A (MMP-2), gelatinase B (MMP-9), MT1-MMP (MMP-14), MT2-MMP (MMP-15), MT3-MMP (MMP-16), MT4-MMP (MMP-17)
(ii) Plasminogen activators (PAs) | MMPs; taking different substrates according to MMPs; substrates can be collagen, gelatin, laminin, fibronectin, proteoglycans, and proMMPs | [67–69] |
| | Angiogenesis inducers | Vascular endothelial growth factor family (VEGF-A or VEGF, P1GF, VGGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, orf virus VEGF or VEGF-E), fibroblast growth factor family (aFGF, bFGF, etc.), angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1), transforming growth factor-alpha/beta (TGF α/β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1/8, angiogenin, ephrins, integrins , , , cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) | (i) Induction of EC proliferation, migration, and differentiation
(ii) TGF-β shows opposite effect in some contexts | [8–10, 70–79] |
| | Angiogenesis inhibitors | Thrombospondin-1/2 (TSP-1/2), angiostatin (plasminogen fragment), endostatin (collagen XVIII fragment), vasostatin (calreticulin fragment), tumstatin, platelet factor-4 (PF4), antiangiogenic antithrombin III, kringle 5 (plasminogen fragment), prolactin 16-kD fragment, fragment of SPARC, 2-methoxyestradiol, metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMPs), interferon-alpha/beta/gamma (IFN α/β/γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12), IP-10, Ang-2 | (i) Inhibit EC proliferation/migration
(ii) Induce EC apoptosis
(iii) TIMPs: inhibit MMP or uPA activity
(iv) Ang-2: inhibit blood vessels maturation, antagonist of Ang-1 | [11–15, 18, 80–85] |
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