Review Article

Angiogenesis and Its Therapeutic Opportunities

Table 3

Antiangiogenic compounds and their mechanism of action (adapted from references [2, 92102]).

Inhibiting angiogenic processAntiangiogenic compoundsMechanism of action

Inhibitors of ECM remodelingBatimastat, Marimastat, AG3340, Neovastat, PEX, TIMP-1,2,3,4MMP inhibitors, block endothelial and tumor cell invasion
PAI-1,2, uPA Ab, uPAR Ab, AmilorideuPA inhibitors, block ECM breakdown
Minocycline, tetracyclines, cartilage-derived TIMPCollagenase inhibitors, disrupt collagen synthesis and deposition

Inhibitors of adhesion molecules Ab: LM609 and Vitaxin, RGD containing peptides, AbBlock EC adhesion, induce EC apoptosis
Benzodiazepine derivativesAntagonist of

Inhibitors of activated ECsEndogenous inhibitors: endostatin, angiostatin, aaATBlock EC proliferation, induce EC apoptosis, inhibit angiogenic switch
IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, TSP-1Block EC migration and/or proliferation
TNP-470, Combretastatin A-4Block EC proliferation
ThalidomideInhibits angiogenesis in vivo
LinomideInhibits EC migration

Inhibitors of angiogenic inducers or their receptorsIFN-α, PF-4, prolactin fragmentInhibit bFGF, Inhibit bFGF-induced EC proliferation
Suramin and analoguesBind to various growth factors including bFGF, VEGF, PDGF, inhibit EC migration and proliferation
PPS, distamycin A analogues, bFGF Ab, antisense-bFGFInhibit bFGF activity
ProtamineBinds heparin, inhibits EC migration and proliferation
SU5416, soluble Flt-1, dominant-negative Flk-1, VEGF receptor, ribozymes, VEGF AbBlock VEGF activity
Aspirin, NS-398COX inhibitors
6AT, 6A5BU, 7-DXTP antagonists

Inhibitors of EC intracellular signalingGenisteinTyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks uPA, EC migration and proliferation
Lavendustin ASelective inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase
Ang-2Inhibits Tie-2