|
| Criteria by Gultekin et al. [13] | |
|
| Pathological demonstration of limbic encephalitis, or all 4 of the following. | |
| (1) Symptoms of short-term memory loss, seizures, or psychiatric symptoms suggesting involvement of the limbic system | |
| (2) <4 yr between the onset of neurological symptoms and the cancer diagnosis | |
| (3) Exclusion of metastasis, infection, metabolic and nutritional deficits, stroke, and side-effects of therapy that may cause limbic encephalopathy | |
| (4) At least one of the following: | |
| (a) CSF with inflammatory findings | |
| (b) MRI FLAIR or T2 unilateral or bilateral temporal lobe hyperintensities | |
| (c) EEG with epileptic or slow activity focally involving the temporal lobes | |
|
| Criteria by the Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome Euronetwork [14] | |
|
| All 4 of the following items are met. | |
| (i) Subacute onset (days or up to 12 wk) of seizures, short-term memory loss, confusion, and psychiatric symptoms | |
| (ii) Neuropathologic or radiologic evidence (MRI, SPECT, PET) of involvement of the limbic system | |
| (iii) Exclusion of other possible etiologies of limbic dysfunction | |
| (iv) Demonstration of a cancer within 5 yr of the diagnosis of neurologic symptoms or the development of classic symptoms of limbic dysfunction in association with a well-characterized paraneoplastic antibody (Hu, Ma2, CRMP5, amphiphysin, Ri) | |
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