Electronegative LDL: A Circulating Modified LDL with a Role in Inflammation

Table 1

Differences in the properties of oxLDL/mmLDL and LDL(−).

oxLDL/mmLDL	LDL(−)
(i) Oxidized particle	(i) Resistance to oxidation. Oxidized LDL?
(ii) 0.1–0.5% of total plasma LDL	(ii) 3–5% of total plasma LDL (increased in some pathologies)
(iii) No increased PG affinity	(iii) Increased PG affinity
(iv) No phospholipolytic activity	(iv) Associated phospholipolytic activities
(v) Recognition by SRA, EC accumulation	(v) No recognition by SRA, no EC accumulation
(vi) TNF induction, no IL10 induction	(vi) No TNF induction, IL10 induction.
(vii) CD36 upregulation and PPARγ upregulation	(vii) CD36 downregulation (and PPARγ) in monocytes, CD36 upregulation in macrophages
(viii) Cytotoxicity	(viii) Discrepances in cytotoxic effect
(ix) No induction of LDL fusion	(ix) Induction of LDL fusion
(x) Altered immunoreactivity to antibodies anti-apoB	(x) Altered immunoreactivity to antibodies anti-apoB, but different than oxLDL
(xi) No competition with LDL(−) for binding to monocytes	(xi) No competition with oxLDL for binding to monocytes, competition with LPS

(oxLDL/mmLDL) and LDL(−). oxLDL: oxidized LDL, mmLDL: minimally modified LDL, PG: proteoglycans, SRA: type A scavenger receptor, TNFα: tumor necrosis factor α, IL10: interleukin 10, EC: esterified cholesterol, PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, LPS: lipopolysaccharide.