| | Endogenous ligand | TLR | NLR | Others | References |
| Proteins, peptides | Amyloid- | TRL2, TLR4/6 | NLRP3 | | [19–21] | Complement membrane attack complex | | NLRP3 | | [22] | α and β defensins | TLR4 | NLRP3 | | [23, 24] | Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin | TLR2 | | | [25] | Fetuin A | TLR4 | | | [26] | Fibrinogen | TLR4 | | | [27] | Fibronectin-EDA | TLR2, TLR4 | | | [11, 28–30] | HMGB1 | TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 | | RAGE | [31–34] | HSP60 | TLR2, TLR4 | | | [35–37] | HSP70 | TRL2, TLR4/6 | | | [38] | Osteopontin | TLR9 (MyD88) | | | [39] | S100A8/A9 | TLR4 | NLRP3 | RAGE | [40–42] | Tenascin-C | TLR4 | | | [43] | TNF- | NLRP3 | | | [44] |
| Proteoglycans, Glycosaminoglycans | Biglycan | TLR2, TLR4 | NLRP3 | | [45, 46] | Hyaluronic acid fragments | TLR2, TLR4 | | | [47, 48] | Versican | TLR2/6 | | | [49] |
| Fatty acids, lipoproteins | Cholesterol crystals | | NLRP3 | | [50] | Oxidized LDL | TLR2,TLR4, and TLR4/6 | | | [20, 51] | Saturated fatty acids | TLR4 | | | [52] | Serum amyloid A | TLR2, TLR4 | NLRP3 | | [53–55] |
| Nucleic acids | Mitochondrial DNA | TLR9 | AIM2, NLRP3 | | [54, 56, 57] | mRNA | TLR3 | | | [58] | ss RNA | TLR7, TLR8 | | | [59] |
| Protein-nucleotide complexes | IgG-chromatin complexes | TLR9 | | | [60] | HMGB1-nucleosome complex | TLR2 | | | [61] |
| Purine metabolites | ATP | | NLRP1b, NLRP3 | | [62, 63] | Uric acid | TLR2, TLR4 | NLRP3 | | [64, 65] |
|
|