ATP Is Required and Advances Cytokine-Induced Gap Junction Formation in Microglia In Vitro
Figure 5
Extracellular ATP increases the cell membrane permeability in EOC20 cells. (a) Fluorescent views of Etd uptake of EOC20 cells cultured under control conditions before (0 min) or after application of 2 mM ATP (5 and 10 min). Scale bar: 25 μm. Time-lapse measurement. After 5 min of basal uptake, 2 mM ATP was added to extracellular solution. At 15 min of recording, 10 μM of carbenoxolone (Cbx) a HC blocker was added to the bath. Black lines denote the slope at different times of Etd uptake. Data represent the mean ± SEM of 30 cells in each of 5 independent experiments. (b) Graph showing the effect of acute application of extracellular ATP in EOC20 cells under control conditions or after treatment with TNF-α/IFN-γ or with 50 ng/mL IL-6 plus TNF-α/IFN-γ for 9 h. The effect of acute blockade with 10 μM carbenoxolone (Cbx) or 50 μM 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid (β-GA) is also shown. Data was normalized to basal uptake in each condition (dashed line) and represents the mean ± SEM. versus control condition.
