The Role of Cell Surface Architecture of Lactobacilli in Host-Microbe Interactions in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Table 1

Lactobacilli cell surface factors implicated in microbe-host interactions.

Lactobacillus strain	Mechanism and effect	Cell surface factors	Target cells or host factors	Reference
L. reuteri	Adherence, pathogen inhibition, and enhancement of epithelial barrier function	Mucus binding protein (Mub), collagen binding proteins (CnBP)	Epithelial cells and mucus, collagen	[84, 99, 100]
L. acidophilus	Adherence and aggregation, pathogen inhibition, maintenance of barrier function, and immunomodulation	Mucus binding protein (Mub), fibronectin binding protein (FbpA), S-layer proteins (SlpA), LTA, and EPS	Epithelial cells and mucus, fibronectin, ECM components, and Caco-2 cells	[17, 62, 101, 102]
L. plantarum	Adherence, enhancement of epithelial barrier function, and immunomodulation	Mannose-specific adhesin (Msa), GAPDH	Epithelial cells and mucus, Caco-2 cells	[103–106]
L. rhamnosus	Adherence, protection against pathogen, and antiapoptotic effects on intestinal epithelial cells	Fimbriae, mucus binding factor (MBF)	Mucus glycoproteins, intestinal epithelial cells	[53, 99, 107, 108]
L. salivarius	Adherence	Sortase-dependent protein (LspA)	Intestinal epithelial cells and mucus	[109]
L. crispatus	Adherence, pathogen inhibition, and resistance to acid and bile	S-layer proteins	HeLa cells	[63]
L. brevis	Adherence, protection against stressors (low pH, bile, etc.), and enhancement of barrier function	S-layer proteins (SlpA)	Intestinal epithelial cells	[110, 111]
L. kefir	Aggregation and protection against pathogens and stressors	S-layer proteins	Caco-2/TC-7 cells	[112, 113]
L. fermentum	Adherence	Mucus binding protein (32-mMubp)	mucus	[114]
L. johnsonii	Adherence	LTA, elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), and heat shock protein (GroEL)	Caco-2 cells, intestinal epithelial cells, and mucus	[102, 115, 116]
L. ruminis	Motility, immunomodulation	Flagellin	Intestinal epithelial cells, HT 29, and Caco-2 cells	[11]
L. casei	Maintenance of barrier function, increased mucus production, and immunomodulation	EPS, sortase-dependent proteins (SrtA)	Caco-2 cells, HT29 macrophages	[117–119]