Dose-Dependent Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of an ανβ3 Integrin-Binding Peptide

Figure 14

((a), (b)) The levels of TNF-α expression were declined remarkably by late C16 application both in spinal cord (a) and cerebral cortex (b) compared with the vehicle control, evaluated by Western blotting analysis. ((c), (d)) The levels of TNF-α expression were evidently decreased both in spinal cord (c) and cerebral cortex (d) by medium to high-dose C16 treatment at week 2 post-immunization. ((e), (f)) The levels of TNF-α expression were evidently decreased both in spinal cord (e) and cerebral cortex (f) by medium to high-dose C16 treatment at week 8 post-immunization. (g) The levels of TNF-α expression were suppressed by C16 late treatment to a certain extent. ^a𝑃<0.05 versus normal rats; ^b𝑃<0.05 versus vehicle control rats; ^c𝑃<0.05 versus C16 treated EAE rats at week 2 postimmunization group; ^d𝑃<0.05 versus vehicle control rats at week 8 after immunization. (h) The levels of TNF-α expression were reduced by medium to high-dose C16 treatment at week 2 after immunization. (i) The levels of TNF-α expression were reduced by medium to high-dose C16 treatment at week 8 after immunization. ^a𝑃<0.05 versus normal rats; ^b𝑃<0.05 versus vehicle control rats; ^c𝑃<0.05 versus 0.5 mg/per day C16 treated EAE rats; ^d𝑃<0.05 versus 1 mg/per day C16 treated EAE rats.

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