Influence of Mast Cells in Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth

Table 1

Mast cell mediators and their roles in gingival tissue.

Mediators	Model	Pathophysiological effect	References
Histamine	Human gingival fibroblast,; skin fibroblast	Fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis	[17, 35, 36]
Serotonin	Rat gingival tissues	Vasoconstriction	[37]
Arylsulphatases	Human gingival tissue	Lipid and proteoglycan hydrolysis	[38]
MMP 1–3, 9, 10	Human gingival tissues	Matrix degradation	[39–45]
Carboxypeptidase A	Human gingival tissues	Peptide processing	[38]
Kininogenases	Rat gingival tissues	Synthesis of vasodilatory kinins	[46]
Phospholipase	Human gingival fibroblast	Fibroblast proliferation, arachidonic acid generation	[47]
Chymase	Human gingival fibroblast, human gingival tissues	Fibroblast proliferation, angiotensin II generation,	[8, 12, 29]
Tryptase	Human gingival fibroblast, human gingival tissues	fibroblast proliferation, inflammation	[8, 41, 42, 48, 49]
TGF-𝛽	Human gingival fibroblast, human gingival tissues	Collagen synthesis, fibronectin generation, reduce MMP-1 synthesis	[13, 31, 32, 34]
b-FGF	Human gingival fibrobalsts, gingival tissues	Fibroblast proliferation	[50]
CSF, GM-CSF	Human gingival fibroblast,; human gingival tissues	Fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, cytokine generation	[13, 50, 51]
Chondroitin sulfate,; Heparin,; Hyaluronic acid	Human gingival fibroblast; Human gingival tissues	Inflammation, regulation of cell addition and trafficking	[29, 38, 52]
Chemotactic factors	Human gingival tissues	Leukocytes infliltration	[51]
Corticotropin releasing factor,; Endorphins,; Somatostatin	Human gingival tissues and crevicular fluid,; Rat oral tissues	Vasodilatation, analgesia, inflammation	[38, 53, 54]
Bradykinin	Human gingival tissues, mouse oral tissues	Antiinflammatory	[54]
Substance P	Human gingival fibroblast	Inflammation	[54]
Vasoactive intestinal peptide	Human gingival tissues; Rat mandibular gingiva	Vasodilatation	[54]
Leukotriene	Human gingival tissues,; human gingival fibroblast,; rat oral tissues	Leukocyte chemotaxis	[1, 54–56]
Platelet activating factor	Human gingival tissues, rat tibiae, gingival fibroblasts.	Vasodilatation; Vasoconstriction	[3, 53, 54, 56]
Prostaglandin	Human gingival tissues, gingival fibroblast,	Inflammation, fibroblast proliferation	[1, 5, 54, 55]
Nitric Oxide	Crevicular fluid from DIGO developed patients, human gingival tissues	Vasodilatation, neurotransmission	[4, 5, 57]
IL-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16.	Human gingival tissues, gingival fibroblast	Inflammation, leukocyte migration, fibroblast proliferation	[13, 38, 50, 54]
INF-𝛾, MIF	Human gingival tissues	Inflammation, leukocyte proliferation, and activation.	[54]
TNF-α	Human gingival tissues, gingival crevicular fluid	Gingival inflammation, collagen synthesis, fibroblast proliferation	[29, 38, 50, 58, 59]
RANTES	Human gingival tissues	Chemoattractant, collagen synthesis, fibroblast proliferation, TNF-α generation	[17, 54, 55]
MCP-1, 3, 4.	Human gingival tissues	Chemoattractant, gingival inflammation	[54]