| | COPD | Older healthy control | Younger healthy control | |
| | 69 | 29 | 22 | | Age, years mean (SD) | 70.0 (7.3) | 65.9 (6.8)* | 32.3 (10.0)*† | <0.001 | Sex, (%) males | 34 (49) | 15 (52) | 6 (27) | 0.157 | Smoker, never/ex | 17/52 | 13/16 | 20/2*† | <0.001 | Pack years | 34.8 (18.3, 56.3) | 18.5 (2.1, 41.9) | 2.9, 4.5 | 0.056 | Years since ceased smoking (exsmokers), mean (SD) | 19.8 (13.5) | 24.4 (17.5) | 17.3 (9.5) | 0.515 | Atopic, (%) | 36 (52) | 8 (28) | 12 (55) | 0.057 | More than 2 chest infections reported in last year, (%) | 18 (29) | 0 (0) | 0 (0)* | 0.005 | SF-36 physical | 33.2 (27.1, 42.6) | 53.1 (50.1, 56.2)* | 54.8 (52.9, 57.8)* | <0.001 | SF-36 mental | 52.0 (38.1, 59.4) | 57.5 (55.5, 60.5)* | 55.6 (54.4, 57.0)* | <0.001 | Bronchodilator response %, | 9.6 (4.1, 15.3) | 4.5 (2.4, 6.9)* | 4.2 (2.6, 5.9)* | <0.001 | Bronchodilator response, (%) | 11 (16) | 1 (3) | 1 (5) | 0.127 | FEV1% predicted, mean (SD) | 52.1 (15.4) | 102.8 (16.4)* | 108.7 (12.3)* | <0.001 | FEV1/FVC%, mean (SD) | 52.2 (11.5) | 77.5 (4.1)* | 84.8 (5.7)* | <0.001 | KCO% predicted, mean (SD) | 53.6 (23.8) | 81.1 (10.8)* | 86.7 (9.9)*† | <0.001
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