IL-33/ST2 Pathway and Classical Cytokines in End-Stage Heart Failure Patients Submitted to Left Ventricular Assist Device Support: A Paradoxic Role for Inflammatory Mediators?
Table 2
Clinical features of ESHF patients according to sample groups.
pre-LVAD group ()
HT group ()
value*
Post-LVAD group ()
value#
Age, years
58 (48–64)
55 (46–62)
0.459
44 (41–51)
0.031
Male gender, (%)
19 (86)
5 (71)
0.569
6 (100)
1.000
Etiology, (%)
0.202
0.673
IDC
12 (55)
6 (86)
4 (67)
IHD
10 (46)
1 (14)
2 (33)
Treatments, (%)
ACE-I and/or ARB
13 (59)
5 (71)
0.677
3 (50)
1.000
Beta-blockers
16 (80)
5 (71)
0.633
4 (67)
0.596
Statins
6 (27)
2 (29)
1.000
—
0.284
Antiplatelet agents
12 (54)
2 (29)
0.390
0.062
Inotropic support
11 (50)
1 (14)
0.187
2 (33)
0.655
Creatinine, mg/dL
1.08 (0.90–1.53)
1.32 (1.00–1.78)
0.313
0.95 (0.83–1.48)
0.599
t-Bil, mg/dL
1.43 (0.55–1.90)
0.76 (0.48–1.14)
0.212
0.73 (0.31–1.34)
0.199
NT-proBNP, ng/L
2838 (1371–6042)
2389 (840–5762)
0.522
599 (158–1036)
0.007
LVEF, %
23 (19–25)
28 (20–29)
0.220
32 (20–33)
0.104
LVEDV, mL
202 (173–291)
228 (206–300)
0.185
239 (197–259)
0.820
LVEDD, mm
67 (57–71)
70 (68–79)
0.132
68 (60–75)
0.633
RAP, mmHg
5 (3–10)
3 (2–5)
0.074
5 (2–10)
0.969
PCWP, mmHg
25 (17–31)
11 (4–20)
0.019
10 (7–21)
0.023
CI, L/min/m2
1.7 (1.4–2.2)
2.0 (1.5–2.7)
0.362
2.3 (1.9–2.8)
0.085
PAPs, mmHg
55 (42–63)
28 (19–42)
0.012
29 (21–33)
0.006
Data are expressed as median (I–III interquartile range) or frequency (percentage). ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; CI: cardiac index; IDC: idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; IHD: ischemic heart disease; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PAPs: systolic pulmonary arterial pressure; PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RAP: right atrial pressure; t-Bil: total bilirubin. values pre-LVAD group versus HT group; P values pre-LVAD group versus post-LVAD group; versus HT group.
