HMGB1 Acts in Synergy with Lipopolysaccharide in Activating Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblasts via p38 MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Figure 2
HMGB1 acted in synergy with LPS to induce IL-6, MMP-3, and MMP-13 expression in cultured SF. IL-6: interleukin-6; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase. (a) mRNA expression levels of IL-6, MMP3, and MMP-13 were analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Total RNA was isolated from cultured SF stimulated with 10 ng/mL of LPS and/or 100 ng/mL of HMGB1 for 3 h. (b) The concentrations of IL-6, MMP-3, and MMP-13 proteins in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA using commercial kits. The supernatants were collected after the cultured SF were stimulated with 10 ng/mL of LPS and/or 100 ng/mL of HMGB1 for 48 h. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (). * and ** compared with control (unstimulated SF).
