Research Article

HMGB1 Acts in Synergy with Lipopolysaccharide in Activating Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblasts via p38 MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

Figure 3

HMGB1 and LPS upregulated TLR2, TLR4, and RAGE expression on the surface of cultured SF. TLR: Toll-like receptor; RAGE: receptor for advanced glycation endproducts. SF were stimulated with 10 ng/mL of LPS and/or 100 ng/mL of HMGB1 for 24 h. The expression levels of molecules on the surface of SF were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis using specific antibodies. Representative histograms (a) and the percentages of the positive cells (b) were shown. Data are expressed as mean ± SD ( ). * and ** compared with control (unstimulated SF).
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(a)
596716.fig.003b
(b)