Monocytes/macrophages modulate adipose tissue and kidney functions and accelerate stroke. Monocytes/macrophages infiltration into adipose tissue stimulates secretion of leptin and inflammatory cytokines and suppresses secretion of adiponectin, which induce systemic inflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, and monocytes/macrophages activation. Monocytes/macrophages infiltration into kidney modulates renin-angiotensin system and increase blood pressure, which also induces endothelial cell dysfunction and monocytes/macrophages activation. Endothelial cells express MCP-1 and adhesion molecules, which induce monocytes chemotaxis, adhesion, and migration into subendothelial lesions. Microglial cells and infiltrated monocytes/macrophages in brain induce cerebrovascular damages and cause stroke onset.
