High-Mobility Group Box-1 Induces Decreased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Mediated Neuroprotection in the Diabetic Retina

Table 3

Relationship between serum levels of the studied factors and type of diabetes treatment in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

	Use of insulin		𝑃 value
	Yes; (mean ± s.d)	No; (mean ± s.d)
BDNF (ng/mL)	10.1 ± 8.4	10.3 ± 7.2	0.749
HMGB1 (ng/mL)	4.7 ± 2.4	4.2 ± 1.9	0.546
MCP-1 (pg/mL)	271.8 ± 198.7	263.4 ± 155.2	0.835
TBARS (𝜇M)	31.6 ± 25.0	26.9 ± 16.9	0.842
sICAM-1 (ng/mL)	196.0 ± 83.9	214.5 ± 113.4	0.673
sRAGE (pg/mL)	1013.6 ± 565.3	787.9 ± 496.1	0.206

∗Statistically significant at 5% level of significance.
BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; HMGB1: high-mobility group box-1; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; sICAM-1: soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; sRAGE: soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products.