High-Mobility Group Box-1 Induces Decreased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Mediated Neuroprotection in the Diabetic Retina

Table 4

Relationship between the serum levels of the studied factors and presence or absence of hypertension in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

	Presence of hypertension		𝑃 value
	Yes; (mean ± s.d)	No; (mean ± s.d)
BDNF (ng/mL)	10.1 ± 7.7	10.3 ± 8.0	0.907
HMGB1 (ng/mL)	4.4 ± 2.3	4.5 ± 1.8	0.565
MCP-1 (pg/mL)	244.9 ± 156.0	300.2 ± 199.4	0.489
TBARS (𝜇M)	24.2 ± 11.2	35.7 ± 28.5	0.356
sICAM-1 (ng/mL)	213.0 ± 118.9	194.1 ± 61.8	0.756
sRAGE (pg/mL)	1050.5 ± 536.2	686.5 ± 474.2	0.017*

∗Statistically significant at 5% level of significance.
BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; HMGB1: high-mobility group box-1; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; sICAM-1: soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; sRAGE: soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products.