Cytokines and Chemokines in Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Table 1
Key cytokines and chemokines involved in ICD.
Cytokine
Source
Function
Interleukin-1
Keratinocytes Langerhans cells/dendritic cells Monocytes/macrophages T cells Endothelial cells
Proinflammatory Chemoattractant for T and B cells Upregulates adhesion molecule Induces IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-, CXCL8, and CCL20 Aids Langerhans cell migration
Proinflammatory Chemotactic for neutrophils and T cells Keratinocyte proliferation
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)
Keratinocytes Monocytes/macrophages Fibroblasts Neutrophils T cells Endothelial cells Lymphocytes
Proinflammatory Chemotaxis Activation of neutrophils Basophil release of histamine
Interleukin-10
Keratinocytes T cells
Anti-inflammatory Inhibits production of IL-1, IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-, MIP-1, IFN-, M-CSF, and GM-CSF Downregulates MHC class II Downregulates adhesion molecules
GM-CSF
Keratinocytes Melanocytes T cells Endothelial cells Mast cells
Proinflammatory Enhances effector function of monocytes and neutrophils
IFN-
Lymphocytes Keratinocytes
Proinflammatory Induces/enhances MHC class II Upregulates cellular adhesion molecules
Proinflammatory Activates T cells, macrophages, and granulocytes Upregulates MHC classes I and II Induces IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF, GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF, PDGF, and VEGF Cellular adhesion molecule expression
