Review Article
Matrix Metalloproteinases: Inflammatory Regulators of Cell Behaviors in Vascular Formation and Remodeling
Table 3
MMPs and VSMC behaviors in vascular remodeling.
| MMPs | Functions/effects | Substrates/signaling pathways | Outcomes | References |
| MMP-2 | Proliferation↑ | ET-1, sphingolipid signaling | Hypertension Atherosclerosis | [91–94] | Migration/invasion↑ | ECM | Atherosclerosis Neointimal hyperplasia | [95–98] |
| MMP-9 | Proliferation↑ | N-cadherin | Atherosclerosis Neointimal hyperplasia | [99, 100] | Migration/invasion↑ | ECM VSMC-ECM attachment | Atherosclerosis neointimal hyperplasia | [46, 47, 95, 101, 102] |
| MT1-MMP | Proliferation/migration↑ | pro-MMP-2 | Neointimal hyperplasia | [103, 104] | Migration/invasion↑ | ECM (collagen) | Neointimal hyperplasia | [105] | Proliferation/migration↑ | PDGF-PDGFRβ Signaling (LRP1, ApoE) | Atherosclerosis Neointimal hyperplasia | [106–115] |
| MMP-1 | Migration/invasion↑ | ECM (collagen) | Neointimal hyperplasia | [116, 117] |
| MMP-1 |
Proliferation↓ | Unclear | Preventive in pulmonary hypertension | [118] |
| MMP-3 | Migration/invasion | ECM, pro-MMP-9 | Neointimal hyperplasia | [119–123] |
| MMP-7 | Apoptosis | N-cadherin | Atherosclerotic plaque instability | [124, 125] |
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