Differential Expression of Host Biomarkers in Saliva and Serum Samples from Individuals with Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Table 3
Utility of host markers detected in saliva in the diagnosis of TB disease.
Marker
TB disease
No TB disease
value
AUC (95% CI)
Cut-off value
Sensitivity % (95% CI)
Specificity % (95% CI)
IL-6
37.3 (0.0–52.2)
0.0 (0.0–13.2)
0.019
0.72 (0.54–0.91)
>25.8
63.6 (30.8–89.0)
81.5 (61.9–93.7)
CRP
246.5 (22.0–353.9)
45.9 (0.0–122.0)
0.024
0.74 (0.53–0.94)
>271.7
45.5 (16.8–76.6)
92.6 (75.7–99.0)
IL-9
0.0 (0.0–11.0)
0.0 (0.0-0.0)
0.027
0.65 (0.44–0.86)
>10.3
27.3 (6.0–60.9)
96.3 (81.0–99.9)
IL-5
0.9 (0.0–9.2)
0.0 (0.0-0.0)
0.033
0.68 (0.48–0.88)
>7.8
27.3 (6.0–61.0)
96.3 (81.0–99.9)
MIP-1
17.0 (11.3–22.2)
11.3 (8.4–15.6)
0.039
0.72 (0.54–0.90)
>18.7
45.5 (16.8–76.6)
92.6 (75.7–99.1)
Fractalkine
772.9 (225.8–1148.3)
338.2 (104.3–565.5)
0.041
0.72 (0.52–0.91)
>912.2
36.4 (10.9–69.2)
96.3 (81.0–99.9)
IL-17
18.9 (7.6–37.0)
12.6 (8.6–16.6)
0.085
0.68 (0.46–0.90)
>29.0
45.5 (16.8–76.6)
96.3 (81.0–99.9)
VEGF
457.3 (307.7–754.9)
680.0 (512.4–802.6)
0.085
0.68 (0.47–0.90)
<370.5
45.5 (16.8–76.6)
92.6 (75.7–99.1)
Median levels and interquartile ranges (in parenthesis) of the markers and abilities to discriminate between pulmonary TB cases () and individuals without active TB () are shown. Only markers for which Mann-Whitney values were ≤0.09 are shown. AUC: area under the receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. The cut-off values are for sensitivity and specificity for TB disease and were selected based on the highest likelihood ratio. Marker levels are in pg/mL except for CRP (ng/mL).
