Enhancing the Health-Promoting Effects of Tomato Fruit for Biofortified Food

Table 3

Results of biofortification through metabolic engineering and breeding in tomato.

Approach	Technique	Gene	Pathway	References
Metabolic engineering	Modification of a key-rate limiting step	GDP-mannose-3,5 ′ -epimerase; monodehydroascorbate reductase (Mdhar)- dehydroascorbate reductase (Dhar)	Ascorbate	[167, 168]
	Heterologous gene expression	Erwinia uredovora-phytoene desaturase (crtI)	β-Carotene	[169]
		Arabidopsis-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase (ALO); Yeast-derived-GDP mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMPase)	Ascorbic acid	[170]
		Bacterial GTP-cyclohydrolase I (GCHI)	Ascorbic acid	[170]
		Arabidopsis-Aminodeoxychorismate synthase (ADCS)	Folate	[165, 171–173]
		Erwinia herbicola lycopene b-cyclase	Carotenoid	[174]
		Grape stylbene synthase	Resveratrol	[175]
	Silencing pathway bottle neck	De-etiolated1  (DET-)1	Anthocyans	[176]
	Increase levels of transcription factors	Delia (Del) and Rosea1 (Ros1); AtMYB12	Anthocyans; Polyphenols	[177]; [177]
Conventional breeding	Association mapping QTL	29 SSR and 15 morpho-physiological traits	Anthocyans	[178]
	QTL linkage mapping	Lyc 7.1 and lyc 12.1	Lycopene	[179]
		Variation during the plant development	Various components	[180]
			Ascorbic acid, phenols, and soluble solid	[181, 182]
			Total phenols and °Bx content	[183]