Circulating Biomarkers of Immune Activation Distinguish Viral Suppression from Nonsuppression in HAART-Treated Patients with Advanced HIV-1 Subtype C Infection
Table 1
CD4+ T-cell lymphocyte counts, HIV-1 viral loads, and circulating biomarkers of immune activation, in the 3 study groups.
Measurement
HIV Negative,
Suppressed group,
Failing group,
Pre-HAART
Post-HAART
Median
Range*
Median
Range*
Median
Range*
Median
Range*
CD4+ T-cell count
N/A
N/A
83
3–296
208#
86–537
126#
10–533
Viral load
N/A
N/A
53 000
5700–330 000
<50#
7300#
240–350 000
sCD14
4116.7
3185.7–5169.7
8815+
4945.1–11 000
8259.1+
3424.7–11 000
9209.8+
430.5–11 000
2-microglobulin
1.6
1.3–2.4
4.8+
2.0–8.6
2.5+#
1.7–3.6
3.3+#
2–9.1
CRP
4.0
0–15.1
1.8
0.1–43.8
3.9
0.3–30.2
3.2
0.5–97.3
TGF-1 Total
6458.8
1845.8–12 448.1
12 701.9+
4634.8–37 587.2
14 882.2+
4426.7–50 000
11 399.3+
0–43 434.5
IFN-
18.2
0–210.4
53.1
4.6–392.8
16.9#
0–74.4
40.9
0–403.1
CXCL10
416.1
225.7–688.5
1864.0+
858.3–66 740.7
822.5+#
212.2–1378.0
1097.0+#
150.2–3957.1
CXCL9
849.1
246–2991.8
6059.5+
1714.9–12 000
2940.6+#
1410.2–12 000
4849.4+
1 318–12 000
IFN-
18.0
16–28.2
19.4
11.7–64.9
16.8
14.3–54.7
17.3
14.3–120.1
IL-6
1.5
0.5–11.3
2.7
0.9–40.6
1.2#
0.3–4.0
2.3
1.1–32.3
IL-10
0.9
0.4–14.9
2.5
0.5–26.2
1.4
0.6–2.6
2.2+
0.8–9.6
CCL2
20.3
9.6–28.0
13.5
2.3–33.2
8.3+
3.8–32.2
6.5+#
1.4–46.9
CCL3
2.6
2.3–5.8
2.9
2.1–12.8
2.8
2.3–11.5
2.8
2.3–32.1
CCL4
39.8
23.5–70.4
22.8+
0–82.0
48.8#
7.6–84.1
33.9
4.4–110.3
TNF-
0
0–36.5
1.1
0–124.0
0#
0–8.5
1.7
0–223.6
sTNF-R1
353.2
190.9–470.6
512.2+
212.3–800
380.7#
214.5–635.7
363.5
151.3–800
All results are presented as pg/mL with the exception of sCD14 (ng/mL), 2-microblobulin and CRP (µg/mL), circulating CD4+ T cell counts (cells/µL blood), and viral loads (copies/mL). Range: minimum to maximum value. for comparison with corresponding values for healthy control subjects. for comparison with corresponding pre-HAART values. Median concentrations were compared by means of Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test for independent groups and Wilcoxon signed rank sum test for matched groups.
