Mediators of Inflammation

Research Article

Lipoprotein Lipase and PPAR Alpha Gene Polymorphisms, Increased Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels, and Decreased High-Density Lipoprotein Levels as Risk Markers for the Development of Visceral Leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum

Table 2

Frequency of genotypes and alleles of LPL, apoE, and PPAR genes in individuals exposed to Leishmania infantum.


	Polymorphisms^§§	Infected symptomatic individuals		Infected asymptomatic individuals		Noninfected individuals		value
	Polymorphisms^§§		% of total		% of total		% of total	value

HindIII	H+/H+^(a)	24	46.2	17	35.4	13	23.2
	H+/H−^(b)	26	50.0	27	56.3	34	60.7
	H−/H−^(c)	2	3.8	4	8.3	9	16.1
			0.116		0.138		0.099
	H+^(d)	74	71.5	61	63.5	60	53.6
	H−^(e)	30	28.8	35	36.5	52	46.4

PvuII	P1/P1^(f)	12	28.6	13	29.5	16	37.2
	P1/P2^(g)	25	59.5	27	61.4	23	53.5
	P2/P2^(h)	5	11.9	4	9.1	4	9.3
			0.146		0.062		0.294
	P1⁽ⁱ⁾	49	58.3	53	60.2	55	64.0
	P2^(j)	35	41.7	35	39.8	31	36.0

ApoE	E2/E3^(k)	3	8.1	4	10.5	2	5.0
	E3/E3^(l)	30	81.1	24	63.2	26	65.0
	E3/E4^(m)	4	10.8	10	26.3	10	25.0
	E2/E4	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	2.5
	E4/E4	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	2.5
	E2⁽ⁿ⁾	3	4.1	4	5.3	3	3.7
	E3^(o)	67	90.5	62	81.6	64	80.0
	E4^(p)	4	5.4	10	13.1	13	16.3

PPPAR	Leu/Leu^(q)	48	80.0	61	87.1	92	93.9	0.022
	Leu/Val^(r)	11	18.3	8	11.4	6	6.1
	Val/Val	1	1.7	1	1.4	0	0.0
			0.693		0.247		0.745
	Leu^(s)	107	89.2	130	92.9	190	96.9
	Val^(t)	13	10.8	10	7.1	6	3.1

value analyzed by test for trend; value in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE).
Note: H+ indicates presence and H− indicates absence of the HindIII restriction site. P1 indicates absence and P2 indicates presence of the PvuII restriction site. Apo E polymorphism results in six genotypes (E2/E2, E2/E3, E2/E4, E3/E3, E3/E4, and E4/E4). E2/E4 and E4/E4 did not have sufficient number to be analyzed. E2/E2 was not detected. PPAR L162V polymorphism results in three genotypes (Leu/Leu, Leu/Val, and Val/Val). Bold text indicates statistically significant differences.