Pathogenic Roles of the Carotid Body Inflammation in Sleep Apnea

Table 1

A summary of main findings in literatures reporting the expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors in the carotid body of rodents, cats, and humans; also changes in the expression level under hypoxic conditions, namely, sustained hypoxia (SH) or intermittent hypoxia (IH) are shown.

	Rat	Mouse	Cat	Human	SH	IH
IL-1	IHC, PCR; [15, 18, 29, 30, 52, 62]			IA; [24]	+; [15, 29]	+; [18, 30, 52, 62]
IL-1r1	IHC, PCR, WB; [13, 15, 18]			MA, IHC; [24, 25]	+; [15]	+; [18]
IL-4				IA; [24]
IL-6	IHC, PCR; [15, 18, 29, 30]			MA, IA; [24, 25]	+; [15, 29]	+; [18]
IL-6R	WB; [14]	MA; [25]		MA, IHC; [24, 25]
gp130	IHC, WB; [14, 15, 18]			MA; [25]
IL-8				IA; [24]
IL-10				IA; [24]
IL-10R		MA; [25]
TNF-	IHC, PCR, WB; [15, 18, 28–30, 52, 62]		IHC, PCR; [20]	MA, IHC; [24, 25]	+; [15, 29]	+; [18, 30, 52, 62]
TNF-r1	IHC, PCR, WB; [15, 18, 28]	MA; [25]	IHC, PCR; [20]	MA; [25]	+; [15]	+; [18]
TNF-r2	IHC, PCR, WB; [28]	MA; [25]	IHC, PCR; [20]	MA; [25]

Techniques involved in the study—IA, immunoassay; IHC, immunohistochemistry; MA, microarray; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; WB, western blot; +, increased expression.