Obesity and Low-Grade Inflammation Increase Plasma Follistatin-Like 3 in Humans
Table 1
Subjects’ characteristics.
Control ()
IGT ()
TD2M ()
One-way ANOVA
Median ()
Median ()
Median ()
42/36
32/26
26/38
0.189$
Age (years)
53 (48–60)
53 (47–60)
58 (51–62)*
0.035
Weight (kg)
86.6 (74.7–109.3)
96.7 (80.6–114.1)
87.9 (79.9 103.4)
0.063
Height (m)
173 (164–182)
171 (164 182)
177 (166–181)
0.189
Hip (cm)
110 (101–118)
135 (105–124)
106 (100–114)
0.004
Waist (cm)
98 (89–115)
108 (97–122)*
102 (96–110)
0.022
BMI (kg/m2)
29.4 (24.4–35.2)
32.0 (28–37)**
28.6 (25.8–32.9)
0.003
Systolic BP (mmHg)
135 (126–150)
139 (130–153)
142 (132–151)
0.112
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
89 (79–86)
88 (84–98)
92 ( 85–97)
0.190
VO2max (mL/min/kg)
26.0 (20.2–35.0)
25.1 (20.5–29.2)
24.0 ( 18.5–26.3)*
0.029
Whole body fat (kg)
31.9 (20.4–40.6)
35 (29–45)*
28 ( 21.5–37.1)
0.005
Trunk fat mass (kg)
17.1 (10.4–22.9)
20.5 (17.2–26.1)**
17.3 (13.0–22.3)
0.003
Whole body fat-free mass (kg)
55.3 (42.4–64.1)
52.5 (44.3–65.3)
57.1 (45.9–65.9)
0.724
Insulin fasting (pM)
41.0 (21.0–57.0)
52.5 (36.0–88.0)**
59.5 (30.0–102.5)**
<0.001
Glucose fasting (mM)
5.5 (5.2–5.9)
6.1 (5.7–6.3)***
8.4 (7.1–9.8)***
<0.001
C-peptide (nM)
0.70 (0.53–0.89)
0.89 (0.70–1.18)***
1.0 (0.69–1.25)***
<0.001
HOMA B
57.3 (39.8–78.9)
62.1 (48.3–81.0)
31.4 (20.8–64.3)***
<0.001
HOMA S
140.9 (89.6–249.1)
99.5 (60.1–159.5)***
85.5 (52.5–160.7)***
<0.001
TNF- (pg/mL)
2.34 (2.04–2.82)
2.65 (2.25–3.04)*
2.47 (2.12–3.45)
0.033
IL-6 (pg/mL)
1.51 (1.06–2.32)
2.01 (1.46–3.25)*
2.33 (1.29–4.05)**
0.007
Leptin (ng/mL)
10.8 (3.1–26.4)
15.3 (6.6–38.7)
7.8 (3.5–22.7)
0.033
Adiponectin (ug/mL)
15.4 (11.9–21.3)
12.2 (9.0–16.6)**
10.2 (7.5–14.7)***
<0.001
General description of the three glycemic groups. Data presented as median with 25 and 75 quartiles. The control group consisted of 78 subjects, the impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) of 58 subjects except for VO2max (), whole body fat % (), and whole body fat-free mass (), and the patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) of 64 except for hip (), waist (), whole body fat % (), and whole body fat-free mass (). HOMA2 S: homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity. HOMA B: homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function. BMI: body mass index. significantly different from the control group. , , and . Corrected for multiple testing using bonferroni. Chi square test.
