|
| Factors associated with good response to | Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors | Tocilizumab | Abatacept | Rituximab |
|
| Patients characteristics | Male (C) [7–9]
Younger (C) [7, 8]
Nonsmoker (C) [10, 19–21]
Nonobese for IFX (C) [16, 17]
Use of MTX (C) [7, 8, 10, 11] | Older (NC) [12] | Younger (NC) [13] | Male (NC) [15] |
| Disease characteristics | Low HAQ (C) [7, 10, 17, 20]
High DAS28 (C) [7, 8, 17]
ACPA or RF negativity (C) [20, 31]
Low number of previous biological therapies (C) [8] | Low HAQ and high DAS28 [13] | High DAS28 [14]
RF positivity (C) [32] | Low HAQ and high DAS28 [15, 32]
RF positivity +++ (C) [32]
Low number of previous biological therapies (C) [29] |
| Immunogenicity | Antidrug antibodies against ADA or IFX for response to ETN (NC) [39] | | | |
| Genetic background | PTPRC = CD45 (rs10919563) (C) [41, 42], 7 SNPs including EYA4 (rs17301249) and PDZD2 (rs1532269) (NC) [43] | | | 158VV FCGR3A in European countries (C) [44, 45] |
| Cytokines and immune cells | High TNF bioactivity in blood [5] or in synovium [49] (NC), high LPS-stimulated whole blood IL-1b (NC) [48], low IL-17 (NC) [6]
24-biomarker ETN response signature including autoantibodies and cytokines (C) [53] | High serum IL-6 levels (NC) [54] | Low levels of CD4+ and CD8+ CD28− T cells (NC) [61] | Memory B cells (NC) [57, 58] |
|
