Hesperidin Inhibits Inflammatory Response Induced by Aeromonas hydrophila Infection and Alters CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T Cell Ratio

Table 1

In vitro effect of different concentrations of hesperidin on the expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 on HUVECs and RAW cells in response to Aeromonas hydrophila antigen stimulation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and RAW macrophage were incubated for 2 h with 100, 150, and 200 𝜇M/mL hesperidin in the presence or absence of Aeromonas hydrophila antigen (Ag), lipopolysaccharides (A-LPS, 100 ng/mL), and extracellular proteins (A-ECP, 100 ng/mL). Expression of E-selectin on HUVECs and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on HUVECs and RAW macrophage were estimated by using modified cell ELISA. Data reported as mean optical density (OD) ± standard deviation (SD). Values of the same parameter not sharing common superscripts denote significant differences.

	A-LPS			A-ECP
	E-selectin HUVECs	ICAM-1 HUVECs	ICAM-1 RAW	E-selectin HUVECs	ICAM-1 HUVECs	ICAM-1 RAW
Control	0.090 ± 0.007^d	0.092 ± 0.003^d	0.084 ± 0.002^e	0.090 ± 0.007^d	0.092 ± 0.003^d	0.084 ± 0.002^e
Ag	0.525 ± 0.082^a	1.519 ± 0.092^a	1.452 ± 0.074^a	0.833 ± 0.068^a	1.491 ± 0.099^a	1.401 ± 0.063^a
HES-100	0.114 ± 0.002^cd	0.170 ± 0.053^c	0.079 ± 0.009^e	0.114 ± 0.002^d	0.170 ± 0.053^ac	0.079 ± 0.009^e
HES-150	0.114 ± 0.001^cd	0.795 ± 0.082^b	0.273 ± 0.063^d	0.114 ± 0.001^d	0.795 ± 0.082^b	0.273 ± 0.063^d
HES-200	0.170 ± 0.028^bc	0.145 ± 0.009^cd	0.129 ± 0.047^e	0.170 ± 0.028^bc	0.145 ± 0.009^cd	0.129 ± 0.047^e
Ag + HES-100	0.214 ± 0.007^b	0.209 ± 0.011^c	1.224 ± 0.120^b	0.195 ± 0.052^b	0.143 ± 0.005^cd	1.148 ± 0.159^bc
Ag + HES-150	0.122 ± 0.002^d	0.181 ± 0.016^c	1.096 ± 0.087^bc	0.114 ± 0.002^d	0.126 ± 0.010^cd	1.061 ± 0.045^c
Ag + HES-200	0.225 ± 0.031^b	0.145 ± 0.010^cd	1.040 ± 0.212^c	0.136 ± 0.018^cd	0.096 ± 0.005^cd	1.215 ± 0.029^bc
𝐹 value	74.74	582.74	175.673	284.78	589.78	386.209
𝑃 value	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000